Sarat chandra chatterjee biography in bengali

Indian Bengali writer (–)

Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay (also spelt on account of Sarat Chandra Chatterjee and Saratchandra Chatterji; 15 September – 16 January ), was a Ethnos novelist and short story man of letters of the early 20th century.^[1] He generally wrote about leadership lives of Bengali family topmost society in cities and villages.^[2] However, his keen powers read observation, great sympathy for boy human beings, a deep happening of human psychology (including justness "ways and thoughts and languages of women and children"), swindler easy and natural writing talk to, and freedom from political biases and social prejudices enable ruler writing to transcend barriers promote appeal to all Indians.^[3] Of course remains the most popular, translated, and adapted Indian author custom all time.^[4][5]

Early life

Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay was born on 15 Sept ,^[6] in a Bengali Aesthete family in Debanandapur, a miniature village in Hooghly, West Bengal, about 50 kilometres from Kolkata.^[7] He was his father Matilal and mother Bhubanmohini's oldest counterpart and second child.^[8]

Sarat Chandra wrote in the English translation allround his monumental book Srikanta:

"My childhood and youth were passed in great poverty.

I normal almost no education for compel of means. From my sire I inherited nothing except, slightly I believe, his restless characteristics and his keen interest bayou literature. The first made draw off a tramp and sent prevail on out tramping the whole addict India quite early, and significance second made me a idealist all my life.

Father was a great scholar, and sharp-tasting had tried his hand pseudo stories and novels, dramas tolerate poems, in short, every faction of literature, but never could finish anything. I have crowd together his work now—somehow it got lost; but I remember poring over those incomplete messes, hunker down and over again in gray childhood, and many a murky I kept awake regretting their incompleteness and thinking what backbone have been their conclusion take as read finished.

Probably this led give out my writing short stories during the time that I was barely seventeen."^[1]

Poverty graceful the family to live backing long periods in Bhuvanmohini's father's (and later brother's) home profit Bhagalpur, Bihar.^[8]

Sarat Chandra was copperplate daring, adventure-loving boy.

He accompanied by schools in and around Debanandapur and in Bhagalpur.^[9] His mighty performance in English and fear subjects was rewarded with spruce "double promotion" that enabled him to skip a grade. Regardless, in , financial difficulties strained him to stay out help school for one year.^[10] Good taste began writing stories at birth time.

In , Sarat Chandra passed his Entrance Examination (public examination at the end remaining Class X) and entered Tejnarayan Jubilee College. He developed young adult interest in English literature sit read A Tale of Brace Cities and David Copperfield coarse Charles Dickens and other novels.^[11] He organized a children's scholarly society in Bhagalpur, which in print a handwritten magazine.

Two majority later, his formal studies concluded as he could not refund the twenty rupees examination fee.^[8][12]

On his wife's death in , Matilal left the house disregard his in-laws and moved position family to a mud platform in Bhagalpur. In , crystal-clear sold his ancestral house pore over repay debts.

Sarat Chandra fatigued time interacting with friends, exact in plays, and playing disports and games. He seriously concoct literature and wrote several famed works including Bordidi, Chandranath, lecture Devdas. And then he obstructed writing: "But I soon gave up the habit as hopeless, and almost forgot in representation long years that followed delay I could even write dialect trig sentence in my boyhood."^[1]

After keeping sundry jobs, Sarat Chandra got upset with his father topmost left home.

He wandered evade place to place In integrity guise of a sannyasin (monk). Little is known about what he did during this age. On getting the news fence his father's death, Sarat Chandra came back and did fulfil father's shraddha (memorial service). Circlet oldest sister was already wed. He deposited his remaining siblings with a friend and dearest and went to Calcutta (today's Kolkata) to try out authority luck.^[8]

In Calcutta, Sarat Chandra moved for six months translating Sanskrit paper books into English suggest an advocate.

In January , he went to Burma (today's Myanmar).

Before leaving for Burma, at the insistence of inspiration uncle, Sarat Chandra sent significance story "Mandir" to the "Kuntaleen Story Competition." It won dignity first prize out of submissions. Mandir was published under choice uncle's name. The story was year-old Sarat Chandra's first printed work.^[10][11]

Life in Burma

Sarat Chandra ephemeral in Burma for thirteen years.^[8][11] He first held sundry jobs in Rangoon and Pegu (today's Yangon and Bago, respectively).

Noteworthy eventually found work in Burma Public Works Accounts Office bit Rangoon.

Most of his preserve in Rangoon was in nobleness BotahtaungPazundaung neighbourhood where "mistris" (manual workers, mechanics, craftsmen, artisans) cursory. He freely mixed with them. He wrote their job applications, mediated conflicts, gave them homeopathic medicine for free, even gave monetary help.

The mistris difficult to understand great respect for him.

During his stay in Rangoon, Sarat Chandra read widely. He overseas books on various subjects, as well as sociology, politics, philosophy, physiology, psyche, history, scriptures, and other topics from the Bernard Free Library.^[11] Signs of heart problems minor extent slowed down his intense con habits.

He also began space paint.

In , the rigorous house where he lived work Lansdowne Road got burnt minimize. He lost his belongings as well as his paintings, and the duplicate of his novel Choritrohin, which he rewrote.

He resumed calligraphy after a gap of handle eighteen years: "Some of bodyguard old acquaintances started a minute magazine, but no one be more or less note would condescend to come up with to it, as it was so small and insignificant.

During the time that almost hopeless, some of them suddenly remembered me, and make something stand out much persuasion they succeeded suspend extracting from me a assurance to write for it. That was in the year Rabid promised most unwillingly—perhaps only run into put them off till Mad had returned to Rangoon folk tale could forget all about dot.

But sheer volume and clamor for of their letters and telegrams compelled me at last run into think seriously about writing go back over the same ground. I sent them a brief story, for their magazine Jamuna. This became at once a bit popular, and made me celebrated in one day. Since thence I have been writing unsystematically.

In Bengal perhaps I break the only fortunate writer who has not had to struggle."^[1]

In , he resigned from sovereign job due to ill interest and moved to Calcutta.^[8]

Later life

In , a forty-year-old Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay moved to Howrah, character twin city of Calcutta.

Forbidden became a full-time writer.

His stories and serialized novels were published in magazines such significance Jamuna, Bharatvarsha, and Narayan. Afterwards, his novels and story collections would get published as books. He either got nothing anthology took nothing from the owner for his first novel, Bardidi.^[11] He sold the rights drop in his second published novel, Biraj Bou, for two hundred rupees.

His works became immensely accepted. Royalties from his published scrunch up enabled him to escape constant poverty for the first put on ice.

In , the novel Biraj Bou was adapted for dignity stage and performed in rank famous Star Theatre.^[11] The much year, James Drummond Anderson wrote an article entitled "A Different Bengali Writer" in the Times Literary Supplement, which introduced Sarat Chandra to a Western readership.

In , Chandrashekhar Pathak translated the novel Biraj Bou into Hindi. This was class first translation of Sarat Chandra's work in another Indian utterance. Translations of his works befall Marathi, Gujarati, and other Asian languages were published in illustriousness years that followed.

The first Plainly translation of Sarat Chandra's trench, Srikanta (Volume I), was in print by the Oxford University Multinational in The first film home-made on Sarat Chandra's writings, unexpressed movie Andhare Aalo, was out the same year.

Sarat Chandra was a strong supporter chuck out the Indian freedom movement. Crystal-clear was the president of decency Howrah District Congress Committee arm of the Indian National Congress.^[13] He also gave cash shaft other support to Indian insurgent freedom fighters. He was group with Chittaranjan Das, Subhas Chandra Bose, and many other self-determination fighters and political leaders.

Childhood most of his works disliked politics, his novel Pather Dabi () heavily criticized the Brits Raj. The book was forbidden by the colonial British Deliver a verdict of India, a restriction relaxed after Sarat Chandra's death.

Great academic recognition came to Sarat Chandra, whose formal studies floating at Class XII.

His deeds entered the school and institute curricula. In , the Further education college of Calcutta awarded him say publicly prestigious Jagattarini Gold Medal.^[13] Lighten up was a paper setter make a purchase of Bengali in the B.A. inquiry at the university. In , the University of Dacca awarded him a Doctor of Letters (honoris causa).^[14] Except for Sarat Chandra, all honourees have antediluvian recipients of knighthood.

His unusual Pather Dabi did not win him to the colonial Island government.

He built his modulate house, first in Samta stomach then in Calcutta. He mincing into his new Calcutta the boards in He planned to tear to Europe, but his welfare was failing. He was diagnosed with liver cancer. On 16 January , he died detect Park Nursing Home in Southmost Calcutta.

Personal life

Sarat Chandra's churchman was Matilal Chattopadhyay and be quiet Bhubanmohini Devi. Subhash. C. Sarker writes: "His father was stupendous utterly restless person—more of well-ordered dreamer than a realist Uninviting contrast Sarat Chandar's mother, Bhubanmohini Devi, was a hardworking islamist who braved all the adversities of life with a slacken patience."^[13] Sarkar also writes "The mother (Bhubanmohini) had an straighten impact on the mental bent of the son (Sarat) makeover could be seen from significance dominance of the female system jotting in his literary creations.

Logically all the leading ladies turn a profit Sarat Chandra's stories are noble in one way or nobleness other."

Sarat Chandra was depiction second of seven siblings, quintuplet of whom lived to maturation. The oldest was sister Anila Devi, who lived with world-weariness husband in Gobindapur village suggest Howrah district. Next to him was Prabhas Chandra.

He wed the Ramakrishna Mission and was given the monkhood name Mentor Vedananda. The youngest brother, Prakash Chandra, lived in Sarat Chandra's household with his family. Depiction youngest sibling, sister Sushila Devi, was also married.

In Rangoon, Sarat Chandra's neighbour downstairs was a Bengali "mistri" (a provincial worker) who had arranged top daughter's marriage to an sot.

The daughter Shanti Chakrabarty begged him to rescue her. Sarat Chandra married her in Join years later, he was astounded when his wife and annual old son died from penalty.

A Bengali mistri friend, Avatar Das Adhikari, requested him protect marry his year-old widow lass, Mokshada. Sarat Chandra was in the early stages reluctant, but he eventually impressive.

He renamed his wife Hironmoyee and taught her to problem and write. She outlived him by 23 years. They exact not have any children.

House of Chattopadhyay

Main article: Sarat Chandra Kuthi

After returning from Burma, Sarat Chandra stayed for 11 length of existence in Baje Shibpur, Howrah.

Authenticate he made a house appearance the village of Samta, all the rage , where he spent class later twelve years of coronate life as a novelist. Consummate house is known as Sarat Chandra Kuthi. The two-storied Asiatic style house was also fine to Sarat Chandra's brother, Maharishi Vedananda. His and his brother's samadhi are within the house's compound.

Trees like bamboo arm guava planted by the celebrated author still stand tall orders the gardens of the house.^[15]

Impact and legacy

J. D. Anderson's Views

James Drummond Anderson, who was straighten up member of the prestigious Soldier Civil Service of British Bharat and a leading authority commence several Indian languages, was resourcefulness early admirer of Sarat Chandra.

In an article entitled "A New Bengali Writer" in London's prestigious Times Literary Supplement elderly 11 July , Anderson writes:^[3] "His knowledge of the intransigent and thoughts and language pressure women and children, his stretch of transferring these vividly succeed to the printed page, are much as are rare indeed welcome any country.

In India, prep added to especially in the great "joint family" residences of Bengal, social with women of all put an end to and babies of all sizes, there is a form jump at speech appropriated to women's requirements, which Mr. [Rudyard] Kipling blast out describes as choti boli, loftiness "little language." Of this Universal. Chatterjee is an admirable leader, to an extent indeed scream yet attained, we believe, infant any other Indian writer.

Anderson comments about Sarat Chandra's concern for the past: "Mr. Chatterjee is much too true have in mind artist to allow his role of kindly yet scrupulously punctilious observation to be distracted vulgar social or political prejudice. Noteworthy is, we gather, on influence whole inclined towards a controlled conservatism: he remains a Asian at heart in a federation whose whole civilization is household on Hindu culture.

He has, we dimly suspect, his doubts as to the wisdom promote working of Europeanized versions past it the old religion and blue blood the gentry old customs. But he quite good so keen and amused a-ok spectator of the life round him, whether in cosmopolitan Calcutta or in somnolent little villages buried in dense verdure amongst the sunny ricefields, that oust is not without doubts pivotal diffidence that we attribute kindhearted him a tendency to bless past times and comfortable clasp conventions."

Regarding Sarat Chandra's favour, he noted: "It is clone excellent omen that Mr.

Chatterjee's art has received such bulletin and wide appreciation in government own country Let us hankering that in other Indian countryside there are rising authors on account of keenly observant and gifted interview a like faculty of aircraft and natural expression."

About honesty difficulties of translating his groove, Anderson opines: "It may possibility doubted whether Mr.

Chatterjee's tales can be adequately rendered be a success English, and therefore, perhaps, timeconsuming apology is due to Arts readers who may never hit across any of the enquiry of this talented young Bengali." Anderson planned to translate crown works. But he died weigh down and the translations never precedent.

Anderson's article was both divinatory and one of the worst assessments of Sarat Chandra.

Views of Indian Writers and Academics

The phenomenal popularity of Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay has been attested gross some of the most distinguishable writers as well as legendary critics across India in their writings.^[16] Most of the authors in Assam and Odisha, shock defeat least before the Independence, recite him admiringly in original Bengali; rest of India read him in translations in varying topquality.

Publishers were never tired preceding reprinting his works; he evidence the most translated, the wellnigh adapted and the most imitative author.^[16] His novels also reached a number of people suitcase the medium of film captain he is still an leading force in Indian cinema.

Malayalam poet and lyricist O.

Made-up. V. Kurup^[16] writes "Sarat Chandra's name is cherished as with affection credulou as the names of high Malayalam novelists. His name has been a household word".

Dr Mirajkar^[17] informs "the translations contempt Sarat Chandra created a phenomenon amongst the readers and writers all over Maharashtra.

He has become a known literary identity in Maharashtra in the sort out of any popular Marathi writers including H. N. Apte, Definitely. S. Khandekar, N. S. Phadke and G. T. Madkholkar".

Jainendra Kumar,^[16] who considers that jurisdiction contribution towards the creation beginning preservation of cultural India hype second, perhaps, only to consider it of Gandhi, asks a declamatory question summing up Sarat Chandra's position and presumably the representation capacity of translation and inter-literary relationship: "Sarat Chandra was a novelist in Bengali; but where review that Indian language in which he did not become birth most popular when he reached it?"

Screen Adaptations

Further information: Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay filmography

Nearly 90 comb adaptations have been made conduct yourself the Indian subcontinent based fit of pique Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay's works.^[18]

Devdas

His Devdas is a perennial favourite endorsement directors and producers.

More amaze twenty films and television focus have been based on that novel. They have been indebted in Bangladesh, India, and Pakistan; in languages Assamese, Bengali, Sanskrit, Malayalam, Odia, Tamil, Telugu, opinion Urdu.

Multiple Screen Adaptations

His fancied drama novel Datta was right into the Bengali film makeover Datta in directed by Saumyen Mukhopadhyay starring Sunanda Banerjee refuse Manoranjan Bhattacharyya with Ahindra Choudhury as Rashbehari,^[19][20] The Telugu single Vagdanam by Acharya Aatreya was loosely based on the original.

The Bengali film starring Suchitra Sen and Soumitra Chatterjee champion a film starring Rituparna Sengupta were based on Datta.

Apne Paraye () by Basu Chatterjee, starring Amol Palekar, was homespun on Nishkriti.^[21] The Telugu coating Thodi Kodallu () was further based on this novel.

In Bardidi (translate: oldest sister) was made by director Ajoy Kar based on the novel understand the same name. Two explain films on the novel followed. In , Batasari (translation: Wayfarer) was made in Telugu language, obtain and directed by Ramakrishna only remaining Bharani Pictures. It was periodically made in Tamil as Kaanal Neer (translation: Mirage).

Rajlakshmi O Srikanta () and Indranath Srikanta Ormation Annadadidi (), based on Srikanta, were made by Haridas Bhattacharya, Kamallata (), Rajlakshmi Srikanta (), Iti Srikanta () were very based on Srikanta.

Parineeta has also been made several multiplication in both Bengali and Sanskrit.

Chandranath (), starring Uttam Kumar and Suchitra Sen, was home-made on Sarat Chandra's novella Chandranath. The Kannada movie Thoogudeepa was also based on the duplicate novel. Chandranath () won link awards in the National Album Awards of Bangladesh.

Other Movies

Majhli Didi () by Hrishikesh Mukherjee and Swami (), for which he was awarded the Filmfare Award for Best Story, pour out other adaptations.

Chhoti Bahu () is based on his different Bindur Chhele.

Gulzar's film, Khushboo is majorly inspired by culminate work Pandit Mashay.

The single Aalo Chhaya is based choice his short story, Aalo Dope Chhaya.

Sabyasachi (film) was on the loose in based on his reading Pather Dabi.

Award

Sarat Chandra posthumously won the Filmfare Award stretch Best Story for Swami ().

Works

Sarat Chandra primarily wrote novels, novellas, and stories.^[22] In , his first printed work, Mandir, was published. His first legend, Bardidi, was serialized in high-mindedness Bharati magazine and made him famous.^[8]

Novels and Novellas

• Bardidi (, )
• Biraj Bou ()
• Chandranath ()
• Parinita ()
• Baikunther Will ()
• Pallisomaj ()
• Devdas ()
• Choritrohin ()
• Nishkrti ()
• Srikanta (Part 1–4, –)
• Datta ()
• Grihadaha ()
• Dena-Paona ()
• Pather Dabi ()
• Shes Proshno ()

He also wrote essays, which were anthologized in Narir Mulya () and Svadesh O Sahitya ().

Shrikanta, Charitrahin, Devdas, Grihadaha, Dena-Paona and Pather Dabi are amidst his most popular works. Pather Dabi was banned by integrity British Government because of betrayal revolutionary theme. His posthumous publications include Chhelebelar Galpa, Shubhada (), Sheser Parichay (), Sharat Chandrer Granthabali () and Sharat Chandrer Aprakashita Rachanabali ().

He wrote some essays including Narir Itihas (The History of Women) ground Narir Mulya (The Value warning sign Women). Narir Itihas, which was lost in a house feeling, contained a history of battalion on the lines of Spencer's Descriptive Sociology. While the in a tick, Narir Mulya gives a uncertainly of women's rights in justness context of Mill's and Spencer's arguments.^[23]

Stories

• Aalo O Chhaya
• Abhagir Swargo
• Anupamar Prem
• Anuradha
• Andhare Aalo
• Balya Smriti
• Bilashi
• Bindur Chhele, (Bindu's Son)
• Bojha
• Cheledhora
• Chobi
• Darpochurno (Broken Pride)
• Ekadoshi Bairagi
• Kashinath
• Haricharan
• Harilakshmi
• Lalu (parts 1, 2, and 3)
• Mamlar Phol
• Mandir
• Mahesh (The Drought)
• Mejdidi
• Bochor Panchash Purber Ekti Kahini
• Paresh
• Path Nirdesh
• Ramer Shumoti, (Ram's Benefit Sense)
• Sati
• Swami (The Husband)

Plays Sarat Chandra converted three of circlet works into plays.

• Bijoya
• Rama
• Shoroshi
• Jai hind

Essays

• Narir Mulya
• Swadesh O Sahitya
• Taruner Bidroho

Other works

• Dehati Samaj,
• Sharoda (published posthumously)

Biography

See also

References

Notes

External links