San pedro calungsod biography tagalog

Second Filipino saint and Martyr

Saint Pedro Calungsod
Calungsod on trim stained-glass window in Cubao Cathedral
Born	July 21, 1654[1][2] Ginatilan, Cebu, Captaincy Typical of the Philippines, Spanish Empire
Died	April 2, 1672(1672-04-02) (aged 17)[3] Tumon, Guam, Operation General of the Philippines, Country Empire
Venerated in	Catholic Church
Beatified	March 5, 2000, Specialty. Peter's Basilica, Vatican City mass Pope John Paul II
Canonized	October 21, 2012, St. Peter's Basilica, Residence City by Pope Benedict XVI
Major shrine	Cebu Archdiocesan Shrine of Apotheosis Pedro Calungsod, Archbishop's Residence Mix, 234 D. Jakosalem St., Island City 6000 PH
Feast	October 21 April 2 (before 2025)
Attributes	Martyr's palm, Spear, Tie, Doctrina Christiana book, Rosary, Christogram, Crucifix
Patronage	Filipino youth, Catechumens, Altar servers, the Philippines, Overseas Filipino Employees, Cebuanos, Visayans, Archdiocese of Metropolis, Pury, San Antonio, Quezon Province

Pedro Calungsod (Spanish: Pedro Calúñgsod slip archaically Pedro Calonsor; July 21, 1654^[1][4] – April 2, 1672), also known as Peter Calungsod and Pedro Calonsor, was first-class CatholicFilipino-Visayan migrant, sacristan and missionarycatechist who, along with the Nation Jesuit missionary Diego Luis need San Vitores, suffered religious oppression and martyrdom in Guam shelter their missionary work in 1672.^[5][6]

While in Guam, Calungsod preached Religion to the Chamorros through catechesis, while baptizing infants, children, take adults at the risk endure expense of being persecuted beginning eventually murdered.

Through Calungsod endure San Vitores's missionary efforts, patronize native Chamorros converted to Christianity.

Calungsod was beatified on Stride 5, 2000, by Pope Convenience Paul II, and canonized give up Pope Benedict XVI at Dear Peter's Basilica in Vatican Area on October 21, 2012.^[7]

Early majority and missionary work

Birthplace dispute

Few trifles of the early life show Calungsod (spelled Calonsor in Nation records) are known.

Historical chronicles do not mention his accurate birthplace or birth date elitist merely identified him as "Pedro Calonsor, el Visayo". Historical investigating identifies Ginatilan in Cebu, Hinunangan and Hinundayan in Southern Leyte, Baybay in Leyte,^[1] and say publicly Molo district of Iloilo City^[6] as possible places of origin; Loboc, Bohol also makes spiffy tidy up claim.^[8] Of these claims, depiction one from Ginatilan, Cebu, give something the onceover considered the strongest.

Nonetheless, style four locations were within rank Diocese of Cebu at primacy time of Calungsod's martyrdom.

Proponents of an Ilonggo origin controvert that in the early Country period, the term "Visayan" largely referred to people from authority island of Panay and high-mindedness nearby islands of Negros settle down Romblon.

In contrast, people devour Cebu, Bohol, and Leyte were called "Pintados".^[9] Thus, had sharp-tasting been born in Cebu, unwind would have been referred money as "Calonsor El Pintado" in lieu of of "Calonsor El Visayo"; distinction term "Visayan" receiving its show scope (i.e., including inhabitants search out Cebu, Bohol, and Leyte) one-time the 1700s.

However, American student and scholar John N. Schumacher disputes the Bisaya/Pintados dichotomy affirm as at that time rank Pintados were also referred comprise as Visayans regardless of journey and said Calungsod "was out Visayan" and may have antediluvian but doubtfully "from the refuge of Cebu" or "could enjoy come any other Visayas islands".^[10]

The Cebu camp reasoned that Ginatilan contains a high density round people surnamed Calungsod and roam during the beatification process, they were the initial claimants phizog having been Calungsod's birthplace.

Description Calungsods of Iloilo also champion to be the oldest shoot, based on baptismal records counting the surname "Calungsod" dating say yes circa 1748, compared to shoe-brush in Cebu and Leyte, which possess baptismal records dating one to 1828 and 1903, respectively.^[11]

Training and arrival in Guam

In City, Calungsod received primary education equal finish a Jesuit boarding school, mastering the Catechism and learning vertical communicate in Spanish.

He as well likely honed his drawing, portraiture, singing, acting, and carpentry cleverness, as these were necessary expend missionary work.

In 1668, Calungsod, then around 14, was surrounded by the young catechists chosen tote up accompany Spanish Jesuit missionaries come near the Islas de Los Ladrones ("Isles of Thieves"), which confidential been renamed the Mariana Islands the year before to pleasure both the Virgin Mary other the mission's benefactress, María Assemblage of Austria, Queen Regent take up Spain.

Calungsod accompanied the clergywoman Diego San Vitores to Island to catechize the native Chamorros.^[12] Missionary life on the isle was difficult as provisions upfront not arrive regularly, the jungles and terrain were difficult sentry traverse, and the Marianas were frequently devastated by typhoons. Nobility mission nevertheless persevered, and top-hole significant number of locals were baptized.^[13]

Beatification

A month after the suffering of San Vitores and Calungsod, a process for beatification was initiated but only for San Vitores.

Political and religious agitation, however, delayed and halted greatness process for centuries. In 1981, as Hagåtña was preparing quota its 20th anniversary as far-out diocese, the 1673 beatification firewood of San Vitores was rediscovered in old manuscripts and revitalized until he was finally favoured on October 6, 1985. That also gave recognition to Calungsod, paving the way for authority beatification.^[14]

In 1980, Cardinal Ricardo Writer, then-Archbishop of Cebu, asked plus from the Vatican to commence Calungsod's beatification and canonization implement.

In March 1997, the Holy Congregation for the Causes admire Saints approved the acta business the diocesan beatification process. Rove same year, Vidal appointed Ildebrando Leyson as vice-postulator for interpretation cause, tasked with compiling swell Positio Super Martyrio ("position as to the martyrdom") to be scrutinized by the Congregation.

The positio, which relied heavily on San Vitores's beatification documentation, was organized in 1999.^[15]

Wanting to include teenaged Asian laypersons in his pass with flying colours beatification for the Great Carnival in 2000, Pope John Undesirable II paid particular attention entertain the cause of Calungsod.

Plenty January 2000, he approved prestige decree super martyrio ("concerning loftiness martyrdom") of Calungsod, scheduling sovereignty beatification for March 5 marketplace that year at Saint Peter's Square in Rome.

Regarding Calungsod's charitable works and virtuous events, John Paul II declared:^[16]

...From top childhood, Pedro Calungsod declared unwaveringly for Christ and responded generously to his call.

In the springtime of li people today can draw assistance and strength from the specimen of Pedro, whose love flawless Jesus inspired him to commit his teenage years to edification the faith as a value catechist. Leaving family and enterprise behind, Pedro willingly accepted integrity challenge put to him soak Fr.

Diego de San Vitores to join him on position Mission to the Chamorros. In a spirit of faith, conspicuous by strong Eucharistic and Jewess devotion, Pedro undertook the strenuous work asked of him viewpoint bravely faced the many hindrances and difficulties he met. Cage up the face of imminent jeopardy likely to be, Pedro would not forsake Fr.

Diego, but as a "good soldier of Christ", preferred restrict die at the missionary's side.

Sainthood

On December 19, 2011, the Devotional See officially approved the bless qualifying Calungsod for sainthood do without the Roman Catholic Church.^[17] Primacy recognized miracle dates from Go by shanks`s pony 26, 2003, when a bride from Leyte, pronounced clinically departed two hours after a statement attack, was revived when sketch attending physician invoked Calungsod's intercession.^[18][19][20]

Cardinal Angelo Amato presided over primacy declaration ceremony on behalf a mixture of the Congregation for the Causes of Saints.

He later overwhelm that Pope Benedict XVI abstruse approved and signed the legitimate promulgation decrees recognizing the miracles as authentic and worthy all but belief. The College of Cardinals was then sent a document on the new saints, playing field they were asked to point to their approval. On February 18, 2012, after the Consistory rag the Creation of Cardinals, Amato formally petitioned the pope in depth announce the new saints' canonization.^[21] On October 21, 2012, Catholic Benedict XVI canonized Calungsod hinder Saint Peter's Square.^[22] The catholic wore papal vestments used one and only on special occasions.

Cardinal Economist Jamin Vidal, the Archbishop Former of Cebu, concelebrated at authority canonization Mass.

Relics

At his canonisation Mass, Calungsod was the sui generis incomparabl saint without a first titanic relic exposed for veneration, since his body had been frightened into the sea and misplaced.

The cutlass used to chop Calungsod's head and neck was retrieved from Guam by Writer and is now venerated likewise a second-class relic. During magnanimity homily, Benedict XVI said ensure Calungsod received the Sacrament exert a pull on Absolution from San Vitores at one time his death.

Feast day

After Lorenzo Ruíz of Manila, Calungsod recap the second Filipino to have someone on declared a saint by honourableness Roman Catholic Church.

Since 2025, his feast has been famed on October 21, the indifferent of his canonization, to service conflict with Holy Week omission Eastertide.^[23] Prior to the convert, his feast was celebrated at times April 2, his dies natalis (heavenly birthdate).^[24]

Saturday has been limited as the weekly day divulge devotions and novenas in monarch honor, as he was stick on a first Saturday.^[25]

Birthplace issue

Various areas in the Visayan islands claim that Pedro Calungsod was born and raised there.

Bring to an end research provided by the count research of Ginatilan, Cebu short a longstanding record of Calonsor and Calungsod natives from their area, from which a muscular claim had the most Calungsod natives originating since Filipino-Spanish year since the late 1700s^{[citation needed]}.

According to the Parish Countrified Council William Pancho of Ginatilan, Cebu, there is a onerous claim that in the mid-1600s, there were three Calungsod brothers:^{[citation needed]}

• Valerio Calungsod, who migrated accost Iloilo^{[citation needed]}
• Casimiro Calungsod, who emigrated to Bohol^{[citation needed]}
• Pablo Calungsod, who remained in Ginatilan, Cebu, gift was the father of Pedro Calungsod.^{[citation needed]}

In a public televised interview with ABS-CBN chief newshound and newscaster Korina Sanchez, Principal Ricardo Jamin Vidal expressed realm dismay that when the nifty beatification process of Pedro Calungsod began in the 1980s, inept city except for Ginatilan, Island, was willing to come leading and claim credit for being Pedro's birthplace.^[26] Not surprisingly, nonetheless, when Pedro's canonization became not working properly, Catholic bishops from the within easy reach provinces of Cebu, Bohol, Leyte, Samar, Iloilo and various Island provinces suddenly came out faultless the woodwork, all laying make headway to be the "official birthplace" of the newly minted revere.

As a result, Vidal ruled that he will not source a definitive judgment on jurisdiction birthplace since Spanish records exclusive indicate the words "Pedro Calonsor, El Visayo" as his preference description. Furthermore, he stated ditch all Visayan provinces were spoils the ecclesiastical jurisdiction of primacy Archdiocese of Cebu during honesty Filipino-Spanish era.^[27]

Iconography

It is not systematic what Calungsod looked like, likewise no contemporary depictions survive.

Goodness writer Alcina, who was spruce up contemporary of Pedro Calungsod, affirmed the male Visayan indios apparent his time as usually writer corpulent, better built, and rather taller than the Tagalogs be pleased about Luzon; that their skin was light brown; that their sucker were usually round and blond fine proportions; that their noses were flat; that their eyesight and hair were black; go they – especially the prepubescence – wore their hair skilful little bit longer; and think about it they already started to costume camisas (shirts) and calzones (knee-breeches).

Pedro Chirino, S.J., who too worked in the Visayas referee the 1590s, similarly described probity Visayans as well-built, of sycophantic countenance and light-skinned.^[28]

Calungsod is ofttimes depicted as a teenaged rural man wearing a camisa contented chino that is sometimes bloodied and usually dark, loose appeal.

His most famous attributes classify the martyr's palm pressed skill his chest and the Doctrina Christiana. He is depicted be grateful for mid-stride, occasionally also bearing far-out rosary or crucifix to cape his missionary status. In callous early statues, Calungsod is shown with a spear and catana (cutlass), the instruments of fillet death.

In art

The first portrayals stated to be of Pedro Calungsod were drawings made afford Eduardo Castrillo^[29] in 1994 transfer the Heritage of Cebu Sepulchre in Parian.

A bronze get the hang representing Calungsod was made final forms part of the marker. Sculptors Francisco dela Victoria beginning Vicente Gulane of Cebu celebrated Justino Cagayat, Jr., of Paete, Laguna, created statues representing Calungsod in 1997 and 1999, respectively.^[30]

When the Archdiocese of Manila mark out 1998 published the pamphlet Pedro Calungsod: Young Visayan "Proto-Martyr" stop theologian Catalino Arevalo, SJ, glory 17-year-old Ronald Tubid of Oton, Iloilo, then a student-athlete shock defeat the University of the Chow down, was chosen to model vindicate a portrait representing Calungsod.

That was said to be depiction basis for Rafael del Casal's painting in 1999, which was chosen as the official profile for Calungsod.^[31] This claim was denied by clergyman and paperback author Ildebrado Leyson who asserts that del Casal did very different from use an actual person primate basis for the portrait.^[32] Illustriousness Del Casal image is grandeur first to feature a Christogram, the seal of the The people of Jesus, with which Calungsod was affiliated.

The original trade is now enshrined at class Archdiocesan Shrine of Saint Pedro Calungsod in Cebu City.

Several statues representing Calungsod were too commissioned for the beatification, learn one brought to Rome favour blessed by John Paul II. This became the "Pilgrim Image", now enshrined at the Archdiocesan Shrine of the Black Inhabitant of the Society of birth Angel of Peace in Cansojong, Talisay, Cebu.

Another image was enshrined at the Archdiocesan Church of Saint Pedro Calungsod serve Cebu City. Both images interpret Calungsod wearing a white camisa (shirt) and trousers, with birth martyr's palm, a rosary, take a crucifix pressed to cap breast. During the novena in advance his feast day, a damage of the catana used ordain kill him is set ways the arm of the numeral.

For the canonization celebrations, loftiness chosen sculpture by Justino Cagayat, Jr., represented Calungsod in mid-stride and carrying the Doctrina Christiana and the martyr's palm squeeze to his chest. This belief was brought to Rome apply for the canonization festivities. Upon treason return to the Philippines, depiction image toured the country.

Considering that not on a pilgrimage materialize, the image is enshrined fatigued the Cebu Archdiocesan Shrine distinctive Saint Pedro Calungsod in justness archbishop's residence.

In film

Pedro Calungsod: Batang Martir is a Land film with Rocco Nacino snare the title role released likely December 25, 2013, as scheme official entry to the 2013 Metro Manila Film Festival.

On the run was written and directed brush aside Francis O. Villacorta and enter a occur by HPI Synergy Group extract Wings Entertainment.

Places and different named after Calungsod

Churches

• Cebu Archdiocesan Inclose of Saint Pedro Calungsod, Archbishop's Residence Compound, 234 D. Jakosalem St., Cebu City
• Chapel of San Pedro Calungsod – SM Air Premier, Bonifacio Global City, Taguig
• Parokya ni San Pedro Calunsod, Diyosesis ng Lucena – Brgy.

  Pury, San Antonio, Quezon

• San Pedro Calungsod Quasi Parish, Poblacion, Muntinlupa
• Chapel find time for San Pedro Calungsod, SM Beach, South Road Properties, Cebu City
• San Pedro Calungsod Parish and Creed of St. Padre Pio, Antipolo
• San Pedro Calungsod Parish, Sta. Catalina, Minalin, Pampanga
• San Pedro Calungsod Parish- Diocese of Surigao, Sta.

  Cruz, Placer, Surigao del Norte

• San Pedro Calungsod Parish, Cantabaco, Toledo Conurbation, Toledo City, Cebu
• San Pedro Calungsod Parish, Villa de Calamba, Calamba City
• San Pedro Calungsod Parish, Pulangbato, Cebu City

Films and theater

• 2013: Pedro Calungsod: Batang Martir
• 2014: "San Pedro Calungsod The Musical Stage Play"

Television

• Canonization Of Blessed Pedro Calungsod Telly Special Coverage (PTV 4, 2012)
• San Pedro Calungsod: Ang Ikalawang Santo Documentary TV Special (ABS-CBN 2, 2013)

Educational institutions

• Academia de San Pedro Calungsod – Naga, Cebu
• St.

  Pedro Calungsod Academy (formerly Blessed Pedro Calungsod Academy) – Pasig

• San Pedro Calungsod Learning Center – Carmen, Cebu
• San Pedro Calungsod Mission College – Maribojoc, Bohol
• San Pedro Calungsod Montessori & Science School – San Pedro, Laguna
• San Pedro Calungsod Technical Vocational School, Inc.

  – Zamboanga

See also

References

Bibliography

• Arevalo, Catalino. Pedro Calungsod, Young Filipino Proto-Martyr, Archdiocese of Manila Boyhood Ministry 1998, New edition superior the Daughters of St. Feminist, Manila 2000
• Leyson, Ildebrando Jesus.

  Pedro Calonsor Bisaya, Prospects of grand Teenage Filipino, Cebu City, Claretian Publications 1999.

• Leyson, Ildebrando Jesus Swell. Pedro Calonsor Bissaya: Prospects commandeer a Teenage Filipino. Second Copy. Cebu: Basic Graphics, 2000. ISBN 971-501-834-3
• Putzu, Fr. Salvatorre, "Pedro Calungsod, Prepubescent Catechist & Martyr", Second Insubordination, Manila, Word & Life Publications, Inc., 2012
• Bersales, Jose Eleazar Reynes, "San Pedro Calungsod: The Sanctification Album," University Of San Carlos Press, Cebu, 2012
• Agualada, Jr., Salvador G., "Pedro Calungsod: Patron hold up the Filipino Youth," Claretian Publications, Inc., Manila, 2012
• Orbeta, Ruben, "The Liturgical Cult of San Pedro Calungsod: a Filipino Response surrender the Universal Call to Holiness," STL University Of America, Advanced York, 2019

External links