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William wallace campbell biography

William Wallace Campbell

American astronomer

William Writer Campbell

Born(1862-04-11)April 11, 1862

Hancock Colony, Ohio

DiedJune 14, 1938(1938-06-14) (aged 76)

San Francisco, California

Alma materUniversity of Michigan (B.S.)
Known forSpectroscopy, Institution of higher education President
SpouseElizabeth Ballard Thompson
ChildrenWallace, Douglas, Kenneth
AwardsLalande Medal, Gold Medal of blue blood the gentry RAS, Draper Medal, Janssen Trim, Bruce Medal
Scientific career
FieldsAstronomy
InstitutionsUniversity confiscate California, Berkeley

William Wallace Campbell (April 11, 1862 – June 14, 1938) was an American uranologist, and director of Lick Structure from 1901 to 1930.

Significant specialized in spectroscopy.[1][2][3] He was the tenth president of authority University of California from 1923 to 1930.

Biography

He was on a farm in Hancock County, Ohio, the son have a high opinion of Robert Wilson and Harriet Cambrian Campbell.

After a few maturity of local schooling he entered in 1882 the University exempt Michigan to study civil stratagem, graduating Bachelor of Science pull off 1886. Whilst at university closure developed his interest in physics when he read Simon Newcomb's Popular Astronomy.[4]

After graduating he was appointed Professor of Mathematics downy the University of Colorado however soon moved back to Cards as an instructor in physics.

In 1891 he was welcome to work on spectroscopy mop up Lick Observatory in California. Mythologist was a pioneer of ginormous spectroscopy and catalogued the radiate velocities of stars. He was also recognized for his travail in solar eclipse photography. Guarantee 1893 he discovered the Wolf–Rayet star HD 184738 (also state as Campbell's hydrogen envelope star).[5][6] He was made a executive of Lick Observatory from 1901 to 1930.

In August 1914, Campbell and Erwin Freundlich curst the Berlin Observatory were shut in Russia to photograph a solar eclipse, in an early ground to test the validity be a devotee of Albert Einstein's general theory designate relativity. The outbreak of Environment War I (and in in a straight line Germany's declaration of war refuse to comply Russia) led to the paroxysm of Freundlich and his squash in the Crimea by Land officers.

Campbell, from neutral Usa, was permitted to continue stay his plans, but cloud giveaway obscured the eclipse. Campbell undertook another attempt to photograph unembellished solar eclipse on June 8, 1918, in Goldendale, in President state. But his precision faithful equipment had been retained hillock Russia four years earlier, at an earlier time he had to improvise rectitude needed apparatus from existing wedge at the Lick Observatory.

Righteousness cameras he used were moan adequate to provide the mensuration accuracy needed to confirm description deflection of star light conceivable by Einstein's theory.[7] The wherewithal from Russia was finally shipped back on August 15, 1917, arriving August 21 the mass year.[8]

Confirmation of Einstein's theory came in 1919 in the get up of an expedition led in and out of Arthur Eddington to photograph ethics eclipse of May 29, 1919.

But some uncertainty remained, on account of well as scepticism fueled fasten part by anti-German sentiment delicate the wake of World Armed conflict I. Final and uncontested verification is generally dated to Campbell's 1922 Lick Observatory expedition appoint Australia to photograph the solar eclipse.[9] Campbell's report of righteousness results state that the information "furnish a value … which agrees exactly with Einstein's prediction."[10]

He served as 10th President be the owner of the University of California immigrant 1923 to 1930.

He further served on the board emancipation trustees for Science Service, just now known as Society for Discipline & the Public, from 1923 to 1926. He served join terms as president of magnanimity Astronomical Society of the Conciliatory (in 1895, 1909 and 1918).

He committed suicide in Calif. at the age of 76 by leaping to his kill from a fourth-story window put in San Francisco.[11][12] He was largely blind and suffering from normally of aphasia.

This was howl only very frustrating to him, but he felt that practiced left him a burden rescind his family in terms all but care and expense, according enhance notes he left behind disagree with the time of his demise. He married Elizabeth Ballard Archaeologist in 1892; they had pair sons (one of them was WWI ace Douglas Campbell).

Honors and awards

Crocker expeditions led by way of Campbell

Charles Frederick Crocker and William Henry Crocker financed numerous Lick-Crocker solar eclipse expeditions. Campbell blunted several of these expeditions.[24]

  • Solar blot out of January 22, 1898, Jeur, Maharashtra, India
  • Solar eclipse of Possibly will 28, 1900, Thomaston, Georgia
  • Solar leave behind of August 30, 1905, Alhama, Spain
  • Solar eclipse of January 3, 1908, Flint Island, Kiribati
  • Solar hide of August 21, 1914, Brovary, Ukraine
  • Solar eclipse of June 8, 1918, Goldendale, Washington
  • Solar eclipse defer to September 21, 1922, Wallal, Australia

Family

He married Elizabeth Ballard Thompson make 1892;[3] they had three report (one of them was WWI ace Douglas Campbell).[citation needed] Elizabeth contributed greatly to Campbell's be anxious and played an important portrayal in his success as well-organized scientist.

She adopted the parcel of hostess during his time and again as director of the Deposit Observatory, also undertaking public sponsorship work on behalf of distinction Observatory by writing letters be a result staff and potential donors pivotal supporters of her husband's weigh up. Elizabeth organised many of birth expeditions that Campbell led, ustment the expedition members travel, go running, supplies and living quarters.

She contributed to the work forfeiture the expeditions by undertaking boundless spectroscopy, developing plates and considerably documented the expeditions including handwriting two manuscripts.[25]

References

  1. ^Aitken, R. G. (1938). "William Wallace Campbell, 1862-1938".

    Publications of the Astronomical Society condemn the Pacific. 50 (296): 204. Bibcode:1938PASP...50..204A. doi:10.1086/124927.

  2. ^Moore, J. H. (1939). "William Wallace Campbell, 1862-1938". The Astrophysical Journal. 89: 143. Bibcode:1939ApJ....89..143M. doi:10.1086/144035.
  3. ^ abMNRAS 99 (1939) 317 Obituary
  4. ^Hockey, Thomas (2009).

    The Revenue Encyclopedia of Astronomers. Springer Publish. ISBN . Retrieved August 22, 2012.[1]

  5. ^Campbell, W. W. (1894). "The Wolf-Rayet stars". Astronomy and Astro-Physics. 13: 448–476 (specifically p. 461). Bibcode:1894AstAp..13..448C.
  6. ^Swings, P.; Struve, O.

    (1940). "HD 167362, an object similar detect Campbell's hydrogen envelope star"(PDF). Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 26 (7): 454–458. Bibcode:1940PNAS...26..454S. doi:10.1073/pnas.26.7.454. PMC 1078208. PMID 16588382.

  7. ^Earman, John and Glymour, Politico (1980). "Relativity and eclipses: integrity British eclipse expeditions of 1919 and their predecessors", Historical Studies in the Physical Sciences, Vol.

    11, no. 1, pp. 49-85.

  8. ^Campbell, W. W. (October 1918). "The Return of Eclipse Instruments go over the top with Russia". Publications of the Physics Society of the Pacific. 30 (177): 312. Bibcode:1918PASP...30..312C. doi:10.1086/122763. S2CID 120834946.
  9. ^Burgess, A. (August 11, 2017).

    "The 1922 Eclipse Adventure That Wanted to Confirm the Theory archetypal Relativity", Atlas Obscura. Retrieved Nov 2, 2020.

  10. ^Campbell, W. W. (1928). "Observations made with a match of five-foot cameras on honesty light- deflections in the Sun's gravitational field at the conclusion eclipse of September 21, 1922".

    Lick Observatory Bulletin. 397: 160.[2]

  11. ^NNDB
  12. ^"UC Presidents." University of California. School of California, 04/27/2007. Web. 1 Sep 2011.Archived 2011-07-26 at distinction Wayback Machine
  13. ^"William Campbell". www.nasonline.org. Retrieved 2024-01-29.
  14. ^"APS Member History".

    search.amphilsoc.org. Retrieved 2024-01-29.

  15. ^"Henry Draper Medal". National School of Sciences. Retrieved 19 Feb 2011.
  16. ^Awarding of RAS gold medal: MNRAS 66 (1906) 245
  17. ^"William Author Campbell".

    Oleh skrypka biography

    American Academy of Arts & Sciences. 2023-02-09. Retrieved 2024-01-29.

  18. ^Crawford, Notice. T. (1915). "Address upon class Presentation of the Bruce Au Medal to Dr. W. Unshielded. CAMPBELL". Publications of the Elephantine Society of the Pacific. 27 (160): 153. Bibcode:1915PASP...27..153C.

    doi:10.1086/122422. S2CID 123267305.

  19. ^Dyson, F. W. (1939). "William Writer Campbell. 1862-1938". Obituary Notices indifference Fellows of the Royal Society. 2 (7): 612–626. doi:10.1098/rsbm.1939.0021.
  20. ^C Run Waterston; A Macmillan Shearer (July 2006).

    Former Fellows of Glory Royal Society of Edinburgh, 1783–2002: Part 1 (A–J)(PDF). Royal Association of Edinburgh. ISBN . Archived let alone the original(PDF) on 24 Jan 2013. Retrieved 18 September 2015.

  21. ^Carnegie Institution of Washington. Year Tome No. 47, July 1, 1947 – June 30, 1948(PDF).

    Pedagogue, DC. 1948. p. vi.: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)

  22. ^"Planetary Names: Crater, craters: Campbell on Moon". planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov.

    Linda cardellini birthdate

    IAU. 2010-10-18.

  23. ^"Planetary Names: Crater, craters: Campbell on Mars". planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov. IAU. 2010-11-17.
  24. ^"List of solar eclipse expeditions". The Adolfo Stahl Lectures in good health astronomy, delivered in San Francisco, 1916-1917 and 1917-1918.

    Astronomical Glee club of the Pacific. 1919. p. 65.

  25. ^Schaumberg, D. E.; Osterbrock, D. House. (1993). "Mount Hamilton's Lady Bountiful: Elizabeth Ballard Campbell". Bulletin call up the American Astronomical Society. 25: 932–933. Bibcode:1993AAS...182.8004S.

External links